Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materialstechnical conditionsforeword. What are we driving: alcohol according to GOST or not? Transportation and storage

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW

Specifications

Specifications

The concept of "Ethyl alcohol"

Food grade ethyl alcohol

Rectified alcohol according to GOST

1 area of use

2 Normative references

3 Classification

4 Technical requirements

5 Safety requirements

6 Acceptance rules

8 Transport and storage

Bibliography

Table 1

table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Foreword

5 Safety requirements

6 Acceptance rules

7 Methods of analysis

8 Transport and storage

4.4 Marking

Bibliography

page 1

page 2

page 3

page 4

page 5

page 6

page 7

page 8

page 9

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Official edition

Standartinform

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian" Research Institute of Food Biotechnology" of the Russian Agricultural Academy (GNU VNIIPBT of the Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of June 7, 2013 No. 43)

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 No. 345-st, the interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation since July 1, 2014

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

©Standartinform, 2014

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

4.3.5 Packaging of ethyl rectified alcohol when deliveries to the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

4.4.1 Transport marking - according to or regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 14192. Marking characterizing the transport danger of the cargo - in accordance with GOST 19433 indicating additional information:

Volume, 10 dm 1;

Gross weight, kg;

Number of barrels, bottles, canisters, tanks;

The inscription "flammable liquid";

Signs, classification code, number.

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, according to the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ethyl alcohol vapor in the air of the working area of industrial premises is 1000 mg/m 1 .

5.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °С, self-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °С.

5.3 Tanks, process equipment, pipelines and loading and unloading devices associated with the reception, storage and movement of rectified ethyl alcohol must be protected from static electricity in accordance with the rules for protection against static electricity.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of rectified ethyl alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing media: water spray, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

;

Determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013;

Determination of the mass concentration of furfural - according to GOST 32070.

8.1 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials is transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods in force for this type of transport and the rules for the carriage of liquid goods in bulk in tank cars in force in railway transport.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is not limited.

regulation of the Customs Union "On food safety"

regulation of the Customs Union “On the safety of packaging” No. 769 regulation of the Customs Union “Food products in terms of their labeling” 3

UDC 663.5:006.354 MKS 67.160.10 H74

Keywords: rectified ethyl alcohol, classification, technical requirements, dangerous goods, packaging, marking, flammable liquid

Editor L.V. Koretnikova Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Proofreader M.I. Pershina Computer layout A.N. Zolotareva

Handed over to the set 12/10/2013. Signed for publication on 13.01.2014. Format 60x84Y. Ariap headset.

Uel. oven l. 0.93. Uch.-ed. l. 0.65. Circulation 123 copies. Zach. 23.

Published and printed by FSUE "STANDARTINFORM", 123995 Moscow, Granatny per., 4. www.gostinfo.ru [email protected]

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

GOST STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW

Technical conditions

Official edition

Moscow S tai dar tnfor m 2013

End of table 2

Name			Norm for alcohol
indicator
Mass concentration of dry residue in terms of
for anhydrous alcohol
mg/dm 3 , no more
Mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases, in terms of nitrogen, in 1 dm 3, without
water alcohol, mg,

Note e - It is allowed to produce rectified ethyl alcohols from food raw materials of other varieties in accordance with the regulatory documents in force on the territory of the states that have adopted the standard.

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.2.1 Ethyl rectified spirits:

- "Lux" - is produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios,

- "Extra" - produced from various types of grain and their mixture in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%);

- "Alpha" - produced from wheat, rye or from a mixture of wheat and rye in various ratios,

- "Basis" - produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (with the exception of fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purity and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced

From grain, potatoes or from a mixture of grain and potatoes,

From a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar- and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions,

From molasses;

From the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodkas and alcoholic beverages is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped and intended for it tanks or tanks made of materials allowed for contact with this type of product.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids, have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the level of alcohol, float or other non-hazardous level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and tanks with alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to pour rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels in accordance with GOST 13950 or GOST 6247, bottles - in accordance with regulatory documents operating in the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, canisters in accordance with GOST 5105 and other containers made from materials permitted for contact with the product of this

type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and capping of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements or regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 26319.

4.3.5 Packaging of rectified ethyl alcohol for deliveries to the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

4.4 Marking

4.4.1 Transport marking - according to or regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, GOST 14192. Marking characterizing the transport danger of the cargo - according to GOST 19433 with additional information:

Volume, 10 dm 3;

Gross weight, kg;

Number of barrels, bottles, canisters, tanks;

The inscription "flammable liquid";

Hazard sign, classification code, number.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, according to the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of ethyl alcohol vapors in the air of the working area of industrial premises is 1000 mg/m 3 .

5.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °С, self-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °С.

5.3 Tanks, process equipment, pipelines and filling devices associated with the reception, storage and movement of rectified ethyl alcohol must be protected from static electricity in accordance with the rules for protection against static electricity.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of rectified ethyl alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing media: water spray, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

6 Rules of acceptance

6.1 Acceptance rules - according to GOST 32036.

7 Methods of analysis

7.1 Sampling - according to GOST 32036.

7.2 Methods of analysis:

Determination of the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol - according to GOST 32036;

Test for purity with sulfuric acid - GOST 32036;

Oxidation test - according to GOST 32036;

Determination of the mass concentration of acetaldehyde, fusel oil, esters, the volume fraction of methyl alcohol - according to GOST 30536;

Determination of the mass concentration of free acids - according to GOST 32036;

Determination of the mass concentration of dry residue - according to GOST 31685;

Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases - according to GOST 31810;

Determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013;

Determination of the mass concentration of furfural - according to GOST 32070.

8 Transport and storage

8.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the transport of dangerous goods in force for this type of transport and the rules for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk into a tank car in force in railway transport.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is not limited.

Bibliographer aphia

TR CU 021/2011 Technical regulation of the Customs Union "On the safety

quality of food products” No. 880

TR TS 005/2011 Technical regulation of the Customs Union "On the safety

Packing features” No. 769

TR CU 022/2011 Technical regulation of the Customs Union "Food

products in terms of its labeling” No. 881

UDC 663.5:006.354 MESS 67.160.10 H74

Key words rectified ethyl alcohol, classification, technical requirements, dangerous goods, packaging, marking, flammable liquid

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

Official edition

Stand rtiiform 2014

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 n Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian" Research Institute of Food Biotechnology" of the Russian Agricultural Academy (GNU VNIIPBT of the Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of June 7, 2013 No 43)

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 No. 345-st, the interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2014.

5 8 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of the changes is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted on the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology and the Internet

©Standartinform, 2014

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

INTERSTATE STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW

Specifications

Rectified ethyl alcohol from edible raw matenai. Specifications

Introduction date - 2014-07-01

1 area of use

This standard applies to ethyl rectified slirt from grains of various types, potatoes, sugar beet, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar and starch-containing food raw materials (with the exception of fruit) and obtained by brewing alcohol mash or rectification of raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

Product safety requirements are set out in 4.1.3 (in terms of the volume fraction of methyl alcohol), labeling requirements - in 4.4. to packaging - in 4.3.

8 of this standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-64) Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination GOST 5105-82 Steel canisters for fuel and oils. Specifications GOST 6247-79 Welded steel barrels with rolling hoops on the body. Specifications GOST 13950-91 Steel barrels welded and rolled with corrugations on the body. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 15846-2002 Products shipped to the Far North and equivalent areas. Packing, marking, transportation and storage GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and marking GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package

GOST 30536-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic express method for determining the content of toxic microimpurities

GOST 31685-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Method for determining the mass concentration of dry residue

GOST 31810-2012 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases by capillary electrophoresis GOST 32013-2013 Ethyl slirt. Method for determining the presence of furfural GOST 32036-2013 Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Acceptance rules and methods of analysis GOST 32070-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic method for determining the content of volatile acids and furfural

Official edition

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Classification

3.1 Depending on the degree of purification, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is divided into:

First grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);

Higher purification:

- "Basis":

"Extra";

- Alpha.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Characteristics

4.1.1 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations and technological instructions for alcohol of a specific name, in compliance with the requirements or regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that adopted the standard.

4.1.2 In terms of organoleptic characteristics, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1

4.1.3 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2

End of table 2

	Norm ala alcohol
Name of indicator			"Extra"
Mass concentration of fusel oil (1-propanol, 2-prolanol, isobutyl alcohol, 1-butanol and ioamyl alcohol) in terms of anhydrous alcohol. mg / dm 3. no more
Mass concentration of esters (methyl acetate. ethyl acetate) and in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg / dm 3. no more
The volume fraction of methyl alcohol in terms of anhydrous alcohol. %. no more
Mass concentration of free acids (without CO 2) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg / dm 3. no more
Mass concentration of dry residue in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm 3 . no more	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized
Mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases, in terms of nitrogen, in 1 dm 3, anhydrous alcohol, mg. no more	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized	Not standardized
Note - It is allowed to produce rectified ethyl alcohols from food raw materials of other varieties in accordance with the regulatory documents in force in the territory of the states that have adopted the standard.

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.2.1 Ethyl rectified spirits:

"Lux" - is produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various proportions:

"Extra" - produced from various types of grain and their mixture in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%):

"Alpha" - produced from wheat, rye or from a mixture of wheat and rye in various ratios:

- "Basis" - produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (with the exception of fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purity and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced by:

From grain, potatoes or from a mixture of grain and potatoes;

From a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions;

From molasses:

From the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodkas and alcoholic beverages is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped and intended for it tanks or tanks made of materials allowed for contact with this type of product.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids, have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the level of alcohol, float or other safe level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and tanks with alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to pour rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels in accordance with GOST 13950 or GOST 6247. bottles - in accordance with the regulatory documents in force on the territory of the state that has adopted the standard, canisters in accordance with GOST 5105 and other containers made of materials. allowed for contact with the product of this type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and capping of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements (2] or regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that has adopted the standard. GOST 26319.

4.3.5 Packaging of rectified ethyl alcohol for deliveries to the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

4.4 Marking

4.4.1 Transport marking - according to silt and regulatory legal acts in force on the territory of the state that adopted the standard. GOST 14192. Marking characterizing the transport hazard of the cargo - according to GOST 19433 with additional information:

Volume. 10 dm 3;

Gross weight, kg.

Number of barrels, bottles, canisters, tanks;

The inscription "flammable liquid";

Danger sign, classification code, number.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, according to the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of ethyl alcohol vapors in the air of the working area of industrial premises is 1000 mg/m 3 .

5.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °С. self-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °C.

Electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of rectified ethyl alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing media: water spray, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance rules - according to GOST 32036.

7 Methods of analysis

7.1 Sampling - according to GOST 32036.

7.2 Methods of analysis:

Determination of the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol - according to GOST 32036;

P sample for purity with sulfuric acid - GOST 32036;

Oxidation test - according to GOST 32036:

About prel outside and willow mass concentration of acetaldehyde, fusel oil, esters, volume fraction of methyl alcohol - according to GOST 30536:

Determination of the mass concentration of free acids - according to GOST 32036:

Determination of the mass concentration of dry residue - according to GOST 31665:

Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases - according to GOST 31810:

Determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013:

Determination of the mass concentration of furfural - according to GOST 32070.

8 Transport and storage

8.2 Storage of ethyl rectified slirt from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is not limited.

bibliography

11) TR CU 021/2011

12) TR TS 005/2011 (3) TR CU 022/2011

Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On Food Safety" No. 860

Technical regulation of the Customs Union "On the safety of packaging" No. 769 Technical regulation of the Customs Union "Food products and parts of their labeling" No. 881

UDC 663.5:006.354 MKS 67.160.10 H74

Keywords: rectified ethyl alcohol, classification, technical requirements, dangerous goods, packaging, marking, flammable liquid

Editor L.V. Kore t koal Technical editor V.N. Prus school Proofreader M.I. Pershina Computer essay by A. N. Zolotareva

The set was handed over to Yu.12.201E. Signed and started on 01/13/2014. Format v0 "84 ^ Headset Arial. Uel. mail. p. 0.93. Uch.-kzd. p. 0.65. Circulation 123 eo. Eac. 23

Published and printed by FSUE STANDARTINFORMx. 123995 Mosdaa. Garnet lane.. 4.

For many GOST is an indicator top quality. Probably, you often hear from connoisseurs of distillation: “This time I made excellent alcohol, the hydrometer showed the cherished 96.6. The taste, aroma and color did not disappoint either. All it took was to figure out the equipment, read the literature, delve into the process, and alcohol according to GOST is already on my table.”

But as they say, "All that glitters is not gold." Let's figure it out together what alcohol is, whether it can be obtained at home in order to meet all the parameters of GOST and whether the strength of alcohol in the final product is an indicator of the highest purification.

Ethyl alcohol (C 2 H 5 OH) - ethanol, wine alcohol, methylcarbinol, food alcohol - colorless, flammable liquid with a burning taste and characteristic odor, miscible in any ratio with water, alcohols, ether, glycerin and other solvents. Boiling point tboil = 78.3°C.

Produced from various types of grain, potatoes, sugar beets, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar and starch-containing food raw materials (with the exception of fruit and berries) and obtained by brewing alcohol mash or rectifying raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

In the initial starch-containing raw materials, enzymatic hydrolysis of starch (complex carbohydrate) is carried out to simple sugars fermented by yeast - the saccharification process, in other words, mash is made at the beginning. Then it is fermented, a mash is obtained, which is subsequently distilled into raw alcohol and purified from possible impurities.

During alcoholic fermentation, during the life of yeast, various impurities giving alcohol an unpleasant pungent taste and smell. All of them are toxic to the human body.

According to the degree of volatility in relation to ethyl alcohol, impurities are divided into:

head- more volatile than ethyl alcohol: acetaldehyde, formic ethyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, etc.
tail- less volatile components than ethyl alcohol: higher alcohols (propyl, isopropyl, amyl, isoamyl, etc.). Part of the tail impurities are insoluble in H 2 O => they are called fusel oil.
intermediate- impurities, which, depending on the alcohol content in the mixture, can be both head and tail. These include: isobutyric ethyl, isovalerianoethyl esters.

The release of raw alcohol from impurities that worsen the organoleptic is called the well-known process of rectification. We all do it at home.

For a more accurate understanding of "What is alcohol according to GOST?" consider GOST 5962-2013 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Specifications».

This interstate standard is currently in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as in the following countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

By this standard organoleptic indicators of ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials must correspond to the characteristics specified in table 1.

Everyone can appreciate the organoleptics and there are no special questions here. Corresponds - excellent. No means no.

But with physical and chemical parameters it will be more difficult. Let's take a closer look at the indicators and their corresponding normative values.

Name indicator	Norm for alcohol
Name indicator	first class	the highest purification	"Extra"
Volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, %, not less than
Purity test with sulfuric acid	Withstands
Oxidation test, min, at 20 °C, not less
Mass concentration of acetaldehyde in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than
Mass concentration of fusel oil (1-propanol, 2-propanol, isobutyl alcohol, 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohol) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than
Mass concentration of esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more
Volume fraction of methyl alcohol in terms of anhydrous alcohol,%, no more
Mass concentration of free acids (without CO 2) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg / dm 3, no more
Mass concentration of dry residue in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg / dm 3, no more	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes
Mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases, in terms of nitrogen, in 1 dm 3, anhydrous alcohol, mg, no more	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes
Note - It is allowed to produce rectified ethyl alcohols from food raw materials of other varieties in accordance with the regulatory documents in force in the territory of the states that have adopted the standard.

The table shows the generally accepted gradation according to the degree of purification - from the lowest to the highest:

First grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);
Higher purification;
Basis;
Extra;
Suite;
Alpha.

It is clearly shown that the main criterion for the degree of purification of alcohol is quantitative content of impurities.

At home, unfortunately, it is impossible to determine whether you removed this or that impurity from ethyl alcohol. Focusing on the boiling point of the mixture, you can only tentatively assume this, and you cannot measure the amount of each impurity in the finished product at home. Based on this fact, our homemade alcohol will not apply to alcohol prepared and meeting all the parameters of GOST.

Of course, there is an option - to hand over the received product each time for analysis to a special laboratory and achieve the values \u200b\u200bestablished in the regulations, but you must admit that this is neither logically nor financially expedient.

Now let's look at another important point tables of physical and chemical indicators - the content of ethyl alcohol. You should have noticed that with the same strength of Extra, Lux and Alpha alcohols, the amount of impurities varies, therefore, the purity of these alcohols is different.

As many argue: “I got 96.6% alcohol. It is stronger than, for example, 93% alcohol, which means that the degree of purification is higher.” In terms of alcohol content, it is obvious that 96.6% is more than 93%, but with the degree of purification, not everything is so simple. Who knows how many heads or tails were put into the final 96.6% product. Even Alfa alcohol, declared according to GOST, as the purest, is below 96.6 in strength. That's why the percentage of alcohol in the finished mixture does not yet indicate its quality.

A small digression related to the terminology of rectified alcohol. Many moonshiners, making alcohol at home on a distillation column, get a hydrometer value of 94, 95, 96% and call the final product "under-rectified". The term "under-rectified" does not exist in the production technology of strong alcoholic beverages. You get exactly rectified alcohol different fortresses.

95% alcohol also has GOST and calling it "under-rectified" is simply illiterate. Let's call a spade a spade.

Since we have considered GOST for rectified alcohol, it means that the normative indicators of distillates cannot be ignored.

Grain distillate according to GOST

At present, in the territory of the Russian Federation GOST R 55799-2013 “Grain distillate. Specifications».

Table 3 presents organoleptic indicators for grain distillates.

In terms of physical and chemical properties, grain distillates must correspond to the values indicated in table 4.

The table of physical and chemical properties clearly shows that the concentration of impurities in grain distillates is much higher than in rectified alcohol. But this does not mean that distillates are more toxic to the human body. Impurities in this case play a positive role in shaping the taste and aroma of the final product and are by no means a negative defect.

Summing up, we can unequivocally say that GOST for alcohol is a regulation that establishes the normative amount of certain impurities. It is extremely difficult to obtain alcohol according to GOST at home, even if the strength of the finished mixture is 96.6%. The percentage of alcohol in the final product does not yet indicate its quality.

GOST 5962-2013

Group H74

INTERSTATE STANDARD

RECTIFIED ETHYL ALCOHOL FROM FOOD RAW

Specifications

Rectified ethyl alcohol from edible raw material. Specifications

ISS 67.160.10

Introduction date 2014-07-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established GOST 1.0-92"Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009"Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation"

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology" of the Russian Agricultural Academy (GNU VNIIPBT of the Russian Agricultural Academy)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of June 7, 2013 N 43)

Voted to accept:


Short country name MK (ISO 3166) 004-97		Abbreviated name of the national standards body
Azerbaijan		Azstandard
		Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia
Kazakhstan		State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandart
		Moldova-Standard
		Rosstandart
Tajikistan		Tajikstandart
Uzbekistan		Uzstandard

(Amendment. IUS N 3-2016).

4 Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 28, 2013 N 345-st the interstate standard GOST 5962-2013 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2014.

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

THE AMENDMENT IS MADE, published in IUS N 3, 2016

Amended by database manufacturer

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

This standard applies to rectified ethyl alcohol from various types of grain, potatoes, sugar beet, raw sugar, molasses and other sugar and starch-containing food raw materials (with the exception of fruit) and obtained by brewing alcohol mash or rectifying raw ethyl alcohol, as well as produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

Product safety requirements are set out in 4.1.3 (in terms of the volume fraction of methyl alcohol), labeling requirements - in 4.4, packaging - in 4.3.

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.007-76 System of labor safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.044-89(ISO 4589-84) Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 5105-82 Canisters steel for fuel and oils. Specifications

GOST 6247-79 Steel welded barrels with rolling hoops on the body. Specifications

GOST 13950-91 Steel barrels are welded and rolled with corrugations on the body. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Cargo marking

GOST 15846-2002 Products sent to the regions of the Far North and areas equated to them. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 19433-88 Loads are dangerous. Classification and labeling

GOST 26319-84 Loads are dangerous. Package

GOST 30536-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic express method for determining the content of toxic microimpurities

GOST 31685-2012 Ethyl alcohol rectified from food raw materials. Method for determining the mass concentration of dry residue

GOST 31810-2012 Ethyl alcohol rectified from food raw materials. Determination of the mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases by capillary electrophoresis

GOST 32013-2013* Ethyl alcohol. Method for determining the presence of furfural
________________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation is valid GOST 32013-2012, hereinafter in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.

GOST 32036-2013 Ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Acceptance rules and methods of analysis

GOST 32070-2013 Vodka and ethyl alcohol from food raw materials. Gas chromatographic method for determining the content of volatile acids and furfural

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3.1 Depending on the degree of purification, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is divided into:

- first grade (not used for the production of alcoholic beverages);

- the highest cleaning;

- "Basis";

- "Extra";

- "Lux";

- Alpha.

4.1 Characteristics

4.1.2 In terms of organoleptic characteristics, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

Table 1


Name of indicator	Characteristic
Appearance	Clear liquid without foreign particles
	colorless liquid
Taste and smell	Characteristic for rectified ethyl alcohol of a specific name, produced from the corresponding raw materials, without taste and smell of foreign substances

4.1.3 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials must meet the requirements specified in Table 2.

table 2


Name indicator	Norm for alcohol
	first class	the highest purification
Volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, %, not less than
Purity test with sulfuric acid	Withstands
Oxidation test, min, at 20 °C, not less
Mass concentration of acetaldehyde in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than
Mass concentration of fusel oil (1-propanol, 2-propanol, isobutyl alcohol, 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohol) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than
Mass concentration of esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than
Volume fraction of methyl alcohol in terms of anhydrous alcohol,%, no more
Mass concentration of free acids (without ) in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, no more
Mass concentration of dry residue in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm3, not more than	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes
Mass concentration of volatile nitrogenous bases, in terms of nitrogen, in 1 dm3, anhydrous alcohol, mg, not more	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes	Not normi- rushes
Note - It is allowed to produce rectified ethyl alcohols from food raw materials of other varieties in accordance with the regulatory documents in force in the territory of the states that have adopted the standard.

4.1.4 The presence of furfural in alcohol is not allowed.

4.2 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.2.1 Ethyl rectified spirits:

- "Lux" - is produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various proportions;

- "Extra" - produced from various types of grain and their mixtures in various ratios, a mixture of grain and potatoes (the amount of potato starch in the mixture should not exceed 60%);

- "Alpha" - produced from wheat, rye or from a mixture of wheat and rye in various proportions;

- "Basis" - is produced from any raw material of agricultural origin (with the exception of fruit).

4.2.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol of the highest purity and first grade, depending on the feedstock, is produced by:

- from grain, potatoes or from a mixture of grain and potatoes;

- from a mixture of grain, potatoes, sugar beets and molasses, raw sugar and other sugar- and starch-containing raw materials in various proportions;

- from molasses;

- from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol obtained during the production of alcohol from food raw materials.

The use of rectified ethyl alcohol produced from the head fraction of ethyl alcohol for the production of vodkas and alcoholic beverages is not allowed.

4.3 Packaging

4.3.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is poured into specially equipped and intended for it tanks or tanks made of materials allowed for contact with this type of product.

4.3.2 Tanks and reservoirs must be hermetically sealed with lids, have air vents equipped with safety valves. To establish the level of alcohol, float or other safe level indicators are used.

4.3.3 Tanks and tanks with alcohol must be sealed.

4.3.4 It is allowed to pour rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials into clean barrels according to GOST 13950 or GOST 6247, bottles - according to regulatory documents in force on the territory of the state that adopted the standard, canisters - according to GOST 5105 and other containers made of materials permitted for contact with the product of this type, which must be sealed or sealed. Packaging and closure of containers with rectified ethyl alcohol must ensure its safety and comply with the requirements of [GOST 19433 with additional information:

- volume, 10 dm;

- gross weight, kg;

- number of barrels, bottles, canisters, tanks;

- the inscription "flammable liquid";

- danger sign, classification code, number.

5.1 Rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials, according to the degree of impact on the human body, belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

The maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of ethyl alcohol vapors in the air of the working area of industrial premises is 1000 mg/m.

5.2 Ethyl rectified alcohol from food raw materials is a colorless flammable liquid. Flash point - not less than 13 °C, self-ignition temperature - not less than 404 °C.

Category and explosion group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - 11 A-T2 according to GOST 12.1.044 *.
________________
* Letter from Rosstandart dated July 23, 2018 N ASh-12186/03 clarifies that "There is a typo in paragraph 5.2 of GOST 5962-2013." Should read: Category and explosive group of a mixture of ethyl alcohol with air - II A-T2, the definition is carried out according to GOST 12.1.044. - Database manufacturer's note.

5.4 In emergency conditions with an increased concentration of rectified ethyl alcohol in the air, as well as in case of fire, personal respiratory protection equipment and gas masks should be used.

5.5 Fire extinguishing media: water spray, sand, asbestos blanket, all types of fire extinguishers.

5.6 When working with rectified ethyl alcohol, special clothing should be used in accordance with industry standards.

GOST 32036 - determination of the presence of furfural - according to GOST 32013 ;

- determination of the mass concentration of furfural - by GOST 32070.

8.2 Storage of rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials is carried out in accordance with the instructions for acceptance, storage, dispensing, transportation and accounting of ethyl alcohol.

8.3 The shelf life of ethyl alcohol is not limited.

Norm for alcohol

Volume fraction of ethyl alcohol. %. at least

Purity test with sulfuric acid

Withstands

Oxidation test. min. at 20 °C. at least

Mass concentration of acetaldehyde in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg/dm*. no more


		Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On food safety" N 880
Electronic text of the document prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against: official publication M.: Standartinform, 2014